Our aim was to determine the frequencies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene alleles D and I and any associations to cardiovascular risk factors in a population sample from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighty-four adults were selected consecutively during a 6-month period from a cohort subgroup of a previous large cross-sectional survey in Rio de Janeiro. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements, echocardiogram, albuminuria, glycemia, lipid profile, and ACE genotype and serum enzyme activity were determined. The frequency of the ACE*D and I alleles in the population under study, determined by PCR, was 0.59 and 0.41, respectively, and the frequencies of the DD, DI, and II genotypes were 0.33, 0.51, and 0.16, respectively. No association between hypertension and genotype was detected using the Kruskal-Wallis method. Mean plasma ACE activity (U/mL) in the DD (N = 28), DI (N = 45) and II (N = 13) groups was 43 (in males) and 52 (in females), 37 and 39, and 22 and 27, respectively; mean microalbuminuria (mg/dL) was 1.41 and 1.6, 0.85 and 0.9, and 0.6 and 0.63, respectively; mean HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) was 40 and 43, 37 and 45, and 41 and 49, respectively, and mean glucose (mg/dL) was 93 and 108, 107 and 98, and 85 and 124, respectively. A high level of ACE activity and albuminuria, and a low level of HDL cholesterol and glucose, were found to be associated with the DD genotype. Finally, the II genotype was found to be associated with variables related to glucose intolerance.

Um sistema polivalente de análises químicas por injeção em fluxo foi proposto para a determinação de cálcio, magnésio e fósforo em digeridos ácidos de plantas. O-cresolphtaleina complexona (CPC) foi selecionado como reagente colorimétrico para a determinação de cálcio e magnésio e molibdato de amônio/vanadato de amônio para a determinação de fósforo. O sistema empregou tampão amônio-amônia (pH 10,5) e EGTA ou 8-hidroxiquinolina como agentes mascarantes para cálcio ou magnésio, respectivamente. Equações de calibração lineares foram obtidas, sendo que para facilitar a utilização do sistema proposto, foi utilizada curva analítica mista (até 40,0 mg Ca L-1, 10,0 mg Mg L-1 e 16,0 mg P L-1), não sendo observadas interferências entre os elementos. Os limites de detecção foram: 0,10; 0,05 e 0,004 <FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g L-1 respectivamente para Ca, Mg e P. Pequenas modificações no coeficiente das equações de calibração (normalmente < 3%) foram observadas após períodos de 4 h de trabalho. Os resultados apresentaram-se precisos (d.p.r. < 0,02), e em concordância com método alternativo (espectrometria de absorção atômica). Quando o sistema foi aplicado a análises em rotina, boa repetibilidade foi observada, sendo obtidas velocidade de amostragem de 107 amostras h-1 para magnésio e 75 amostras h-1 para cálcio e fósforo, enfatizando a simplicidade, robustez e versatilidade, inerentes aos sistemas de análises por injeção em fluxo.

A polyvalent flow injection system was proposed for spectrophotometric determination of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in acid plant digests. O-cresolphtalein complexone (CPC) was the chromogenic reagent for calcium and magnesium determination, and ammonium molybdate/vanadate for phosphorus determination. Ammonium-ammonia was elected as buffer system, and EGTA or 8-hydroxyquinoline as the masking agents for calcium or magnesium. Linearity of the calibration equations was observed up to 40.0 mg Ca L-1, 10.0 mg Mg L-1 and 16.0 mg P L-1. Slight variations in the coefficients of the calibration equations (usually < 3 %) were found after 4-h working periods. Precise results (r.s.d. < 0.02), in agreement with alternative method (flame atomic absorption spectrometry) were obtained. When the system was applied to large scale analysis, good repeatability was observed, and a sample throughput, of about 107 h-1 for magnesium and 75 h-1 for calcium and phosphorus was achieved, emphasizing the simplicity, robustness and versatility inherent to flow analysis.